Interpretation chart of phenotypic carbapenemase confirmation tests
| Confirmation test | Carbapenemase | AmpC with porin loss | ESBL with porin loss | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class A | Class B | Class D | |||
| Modified Hodge test | + | + | + | -/+ | -/+ |
| Meropenem ± boronic acid | + | - | - | +/- | - |
| Meropenem ± cloxacillin | - | - | - | +/- | - |
| Imipenem ± EDTA | - | + | - | - | - |
| Meropenem ± DPA | - | + | - | - | - |
Abbreviations: EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid; DPA, dipicolinic acid
