Their chemical structures and functions in Parkinson's disease-related natural products
| Molecules | Structural formula | Plant of origin | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baicalein |  |
Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria lateriflora | Attenuates dopamine depletion in the striatum Increased dopaminergic neurons Inhibit α-syn and α-syn oligomer formation Reduce mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. |
(Wang et al., 2005; Cheng et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2011) |
| Resveratrol |  |
Fruits (grape etc.) | Antioxidant and radical scavenging Protect dopaminergic neurons |
(Mudo et al., 2012) |
| Madecassoside |  |
Centella asiatica | Attenuates striatal dopamine decline Increased BDNF protein expression rate ROS reduction Downregulation of pro-inflammatory protein expression |
(Xu et al., 2013; Sasmita et al., 2018) |
| Berberine |  |
Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aristata etc. | Attenuates of oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis in hippocampus Attenuates of dopaminergic neurodegeneration Improvement of memory Increase of motor balance Neuroprotective effect |
(Bae et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2017) |
| EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) |  |
Camelia Sinesis (Green tea) | Attenuates DA depletion in the SNpc Survival and protection of dopaminergic neurons Blocking the absorption of MPP+ Decreased DAT |
(Levites et al., 2001; Loder and Melikian, 2003) |
| Ginkgolides |  |
Ginkgo biloba | Reduce behavioral disorders Reduce oxidative stress Protect striatum Prevent dopamine depletion |
(Kim et al., 2004; Rojas et al., 2008) |
| Bilobalide |  |
α-syn; alpha-synucelin, BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ROS; reactive oxygen species, DA; dopamine, SNpc; substantia nigra pars compacta, MPP+; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, DAT; dopamine transpoter
