Biomedical Science Letters

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Table. 1.

Baseline characteristics according to the smoking status

Characteristic Non smoker (n = 1,431) Former smoker (n = 387) Current smoker (n = 510) P-value
Age (years) 49.1±7.4 50.3±7.9 48.6±7.1 0.004
Sex (male) 260 (18.2) 379 (97.9) 484 (94.9) <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 24.2±2.8 24.0±2.4 23.6±2.7†† <0.001
Physical activity (MET /week) 9646.8±5848.7 9714.1±5868.2 9896.9±6425.2 0.742
Total energy (kcal/day) 1911.0±659.3 2021.8±515.9 1999.3±628.2†† <0.001
Usual sleep duration 6.6±1.2 6.7±1.2 6.8±1.3†† 0.004
Education level <0.001
Elementary school 365 (25.5) 45 (11.6) 65 (12.7)
Middle school 353 (24.7) 80 (20.7) 96 (18.8)
High school 520 (36.3) 158 (40.8) 239 (46.9)
College 53 (3.7) 27 (7.0) 37 (7.3)
University 115 (8.0) 64 (16.5) 64 (12.5)
Over graduate school 25 (1.8) 13 (3.4) 9 (1.8)
Marital status <0.001
Unmarried 13 (0.9) 8 (2.1) 9 (1.7)
Married 1316 (92.0) 373 (96.4) 480 (94.1)
Widowed 77 (5.4) 3 (0.8) 8 (1.6)
Separated 10 (0.7) 1 (0.2) 6 (1.2)
Divorced 15 (1.0) 2 (0.5) 7 (1.4)
Other
Monthly income (10,000 won) 0.015
< 100 353 (24.7) 64 (16.5) 116 (22.7)
100~200 464 (32.4) 133 (34.4) 150 (29.4)
200~300 332 (23.2) 85 (22.0) 127 (24.9)
300~400 165 (11.5) 59 (15.2) 62 (12.2)
400~600 91 (6.4) 33 (8.5) 39 (7.7)
600~ 26 (1.8) 13 (3.4) 16 (3.1)
Alcohol drinking <0.001
Non-drinker 890 (62.2) 54 (13.9) 75 (14.7)
Former drinker 43 (3.0) 46 (11.9) 20 (3.9)
Current drinker 498 (34.8) 287 (74.2) 415 (81.4)

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task

All values were presented as 'mean ± standard deviation' or 'n (%)'

P<0.05, bonferroni post-hoc, [Non smoker] vs. [Former smoker]

††P<0.05, bonferroni post-hoc, [Non smoker] vs. [Current smoker]

Biomed Sci Letters 2023;29:355-62 https://doi.org/10.15616/BSL.2023.29.4.355
© 2023 Biomed Sci Letters